Stem cell therapy: where to receive it? Choose based on explanation of cell handling and evidence

For cosmetic stem cell therapy, the benchmark is to receive treatment at a facility that clearly explains which cells are used, how they are processed, and the extent of the evidence for efficacy[1][2]. Research into skin and hair loss is advancing, but results still vary.[3]. The term 'stem cells' alone does not guarantee identical contents.[4].

With stem cell therapy, what is understood and to what extent?

What is understood is that while there are cases where effects appear, results are still difficult to predict. Adipose tissue is rich in stem cells and may improve skin and scars from the inside, but the degree of improvement varies by individual.[3].

Research summarizing effects on skin quality exists, examining wrinkles, dullness, skin texture, and elasticity.[1]In hair loss, a comparative trial in 33 women with thinning hair reported improvement in hair thickness and count at 12 and 24 weeks.[5]. However, none involved large numbers of participants.

Is there an explanation of which cells are used and how they are processed?

First, it is important to confirm what is being used. Cells extracted from one's own fat using enzymes (SVF), finely fragmented fat, and culture supernatant from stem cells are each different things.[4]. Culture supernatant is becoming widespread as a more affordable and readily available option by comparison.[4].

In Japan, medical treatments using processed cells for body repair and other purposes are regulated by law as 'regenerative medicine techniques'.[2]. Documentation must describe where cells are obtained, how they are processed, and what safety measures are in place.[2]. For treatments using cultured stem cells with few precedents, safety measures including evaluation for tumor formation are necessary.[2].

Can you ask about how side effects are monitored and how progress is assessed?

How side effects are confirmed is also an important point of comparison. In a review of 70 studies and over 1,400 people on adipose-derived cell therapy, 32 studies did not describe how safety was confirmed.[6].

In studies using cells from others, 19–34% of people were reported to develop antibodies against those cells.[6]. Culture supernatant from cells of unknown properties has also been noted to raise safety concerns.[7]. Ask what will be monitored and for how long after treatment.

If you hear that something works for everything, how should you respond?

It is wise to be cautious about claims that treatment works for a wide range of conditions. In the United States, it is reported that over 700 facilities provide unapproved stem cell therapy.[8]. There, risks such as immune reactions and tumor formation are noted.[8].

In a review of 19 studies and 624 people using culture supernatant for skin rejuvenation, standardizing preparation methods is cited as a future challenge.[7]. Observe whether they distinguish between what current research can support and what remains unknown.

Where to receive treatment: a guide when unsure

During counseling, ask the following points:

Contents: Can they tell you whether cells are your own or from others, and whether culture supernatant is used?[4]

Procedure: Can they explain how cells are obtained, processed, and protected for safety?[2]

Evidence: Do they distinguish between what research has shown and its limitations?[1][3]

Monitoring: Have they decided how to confirm side effects after treatment?[6]

Whether stem cell therapy suits your concern cannot be decided by an article alone. At your consultation, tell the doctor about your concern to be treated, any underlying conditions, and your treatment history, and discuss with them the type of cells to be used and how it differs from other treatments.